![]() ![]() The term effectiveness is used to describe the outcomes of an intervention in a real word context when implemented in situ (Glasgow, Vogt, & Boles, 1999). IS examines implementation of interventions within the controlled environment of research, testing effectiveness and then pilots that intervention in a local context or scales it up to population level impact testing efficacy. Important to all IS frameworks is the distinction between effectiveness and efficacy, as well as the concept of scale-up. The scientific literature describes a broad landscape of theories, models, and frameworks utilized in IS which can be used to examine the array of questions pursued by IS practitioners to inform the application of new scientific discovery. This emerging, interdisciplinary field lacks consistent terminology (Chambers, Glasgow, & Stange, 2013 Tabak, Khoong, Chambers, & Brownson, 2012). NIH defines IS as the study of methods to promote integration of research findings and evidence into healthcare policy and practice (Fogarty International Center). Developing strong relationships with diverse partners is integral in all of these models and resources for relationship building are also included. Resources for Implementation Science Researchers. Key resources for practice, and training resources for IS are listed in ![]() This section describes a set of commonly used implementation science frameworks and includes approaches that bolster researcher interaction with end users of research. Importantly IS within neurology and brain disorders has the capacity to reduce disparities and provide higher uptake of proven treatments (Vickrey, Hirtz, Waddy, Cheng, & Johnston, 2012). Implementation science (IS) plays an important role in identifying barriers to address these enduring gaps in the translation of evidence into policy and programs. ![]() The gap between the promise of scientifically proven health interventions and their successful implementation in the real world persists in a wide variety of contexts including neurology and brain disorders.
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